Carbon footprint: light report
Demo Wine Estate (Pty) Ltd · FY2024 (2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31) · prepared 27 September 2026
Notes on the demo data
- The figures follow the shape of a small Western Cape estate that bottles and exports its own wine: grid electricity with some rooftop solar, farm diesel, glass-heavy packaging and export shipping.
- Litres of wine are derived from glass tonnage at 0.50 kg per bottle and 0.75 l per bottle.
- Fertiliser is entered as tonnes of nitrogen (28% of the product tonnage) so that soil N2O is computed under Scope 1 and fertiliser production under category 1.
- Freight and export shipping are entered as tonnes over a typical distance; capital goods are spend-based, with no supplier footprints.
- Use 'Make my own editable copy of the demo' on the start page to change any answer and see the report move.
Demo Wine Estate (Pty) Ltd's footprint for FY2024 is 1,243 tonnes of CO2e. The biggest part, 40%, is purchased goods and services; next is purchased electricity (location-based) at 32%. The three levers below are where effort pays off first.
Scope 2 market-based: 398.5 tCO2e (no contractual instruments, so equal to location-based). Self-generated solar used on site: 72,900 kWh at zero emissions, disclosed outside the scopes. Factor set: CDSA South Africa-specific factors. Data quality: High (within about 5%); 0% of the total rests on estimates.
Where it comes from
Reported outside the scopes: Solar electricity generated and used on site (72,900 kWh, zero emissions, disclosed).
Your footprint per unit
Wine sector sense check. Your full inventory is 2.86 kg CO2e per litre; Scope 1 + 2 alone 1.18 kg per litre. References: CCC South Africa 2025: winery processing stage (electricity, fuel, winery inputs) 0.48 to 0.49 kg CO2e per litre; CCC South Africa 2025: bottling stage (packaging) 0.84 to 0.93 kg CO2e per litre; France (IFV/OIV 2024): cradle-to-shelf, all stages 1.0 to 1.5 kg CO2e per litre. Benchmarks use product-footprint boundaries that differ from a corporate Scope 1-2-3 inventory. Use them as a sense check, not a ranking.
Your three biggest levers
- Scope 3 cat 1: Purchased goods and services (498.7 t, 40%). Packaging is the lever: lighter glass, recycled-content glass and fewer secondary layers move this line more than any other purchasing change. Ask your three largest suppliers for product footprints.
- Scope 2: Purchased electricity (location-based) (398.5 t, 32%). Electricity is usually the cheapest tonne to cut in South Africa: an energy audit, LED and motor upgrades, and rooftop solar with a documented wheeling or self-consumption record. Solar also lets you report a lower market-based Scope 2.
- Scope 3 cat 9: Downstream transportation and distribution (93.1 t, 7%). Export shipping: consolidate loads, prefer sea over air, and ask importers which port and mode they use. Lighter bottles cut this line too.
Science-based target
Committed, not yet validated. Demo Wine Estate (Pty) Ltd commits to reduce absolute scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions 42% by 2030 from a 2023 base year. Demo Wine Estate (Pty) Ltd also commits to measure and reduce its scope 3 emissions.
Scope 1 + 2 this year 515 t against a base year of 560 t (2023): -8%, on track of the straight-line pathway to 325 t in 2030.
Route: SME route · CNZS V2 category B · land emissions 1.5% of total (FLAG sector, exempt on the SME route).
Carbon tax exposure
Carbon component of the fuel levy already inside your fuel price: about R8,230 a year at the April 2026 rates (diesel 23 c/l, petrol 19 c/l). Direct carbon tax at R308/tCO2e applies only if your installed thermal capacity reaches the Schedule 2 threshold (10 MW for combustion activities). If it did, your stationary, process and fugitive Scope 1 of 20.9 tCO2e would attract roughly R2,574 after the 60% basic allowance, rising to R462/t by 2030.
What is included and what is not
Scope 3 categories with data: 1. Purchased goods and services, 2. Capital goods, 3. Fuel- and energy-related activities, 4. Upstream transportation and distribution, 5. Waste generated in operations, 6. Business travel, 7. Employee commuting, 9. Downstream transportation and distribution, 12. End-of-life treatment of sold products. Category 3 is calculated from your Scope 1 and 2 entries.
| Excluded or not applicable | Reason |
|---|---|
| Refrigerant leaks | Not applicable: no refrigerant added in the year |
| Process emissions | Not applicable: no chemical-reaction sources |
| Purchased steam, heat or cooling | Not applicable |
| Scope 3 category 8: Upstream leased assets | Not applicable, per your answer |
| Scope 3 category 10: Processing of sold products | Not applicable, per your answer |
| Scope 3 category 11: Use of sold products | Not applicable, per your answer |
| Scope 3 category 13: Downstream leased assets | Not applicable, per your answer |
| Scope 3 category 14: Franchises | Not applicable, per your answer |
| Scope 3 category 15: Investments | Not applicable, per your answer |
IFRS S2 readiness
| Requirement | Status |
|---|---|
| Absolute gross Scope 1, 2 and 3 in tCO2e (IFRS S2 29(a)(i)) | In this report |
| Measured per the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard (29(a)(ii)) | In this report |
| Measurement approach, inputs and assumptions disclosed (29(a)(iii)) | In-depth analysis Sources named; factor table and derivations in the in-depth analysis |
| Scope 1 and 2 split between consolidated group and other investees (29(a)(iv)) | No other investees declared |
| Location-based Scope 2 and contractual instruments (29(a)(v)) | In this report |
| Scope 3 categories included, per the 15-category framework (29(a)(vi)) | In this report (screening level) |
| Scope 3 measurement framework and data-quality prioritisation (B38 to B57) | In-depth analysis Line-by-line data-quality scoring in the in-depth analysis |
| GWP basis (B21): AR6 or disclosed AR5 | In-depth analysis AR5 as carried by the UK factor set; AR6 restatement in the in-depth analysis |
| Governance, strategy, risk management narrative (IFRS S1/S2 pillars) | In-depth analysis Skeleton drafted in the in-depth analysis |
| Metrics and targets section drafted to IFRS S2 paragraphs 27 to 37 | In-depth analysis In the in-depth analysis |
| Comparatives and base-year policy | In-depth analysis Assurance-ready tier |
IFRS S1 and S2 are voluntary in South Africa as at September 2026 (JSE guidance, CIPC consultation, FSCA programme). Reporting to DFFE under the GHG reporting regulations is a separate, mandatory regime above its thresholds.
How this was calculated
Boundary: operational control. Method: activity data × published emission factors under the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard (2004), Scope 2 Guidance (2015) and Scope 3 Standard (2011); 100-year GWPs. Emission factor values are the intellectual property of Carbon Disclosure South Africa and are disclosed in full, with derivations, in the in-depth analysis. Sources and vintages used:
- SA-specific DFFE South Africa's 2023 Grid Emission Factors Report (GN 6454, Gazette 53079, 25 Jul 2025) (vintage 2023 (publ. Jul 2025))
- SA-specific Kornelius et al. 2022, J. Energy in Southern Africa 33(3): SA measured fuel CO2 (vintage 2022)
- SA-specific Friedrich & Trois 2013, Waste Management: GHG factors for SA municipal landfill (no gas capture), midpoint of 441-2532 (vintage 2013)
- SA-specific PAMSA / SANEDI South African pulp and paper energy footprint (CDSA derivation) (vintage 2024)
- SA-specific ICCT / NAAMSA South African new-vehicle CO2 baseline (CDSA derivation) (vintage 2018 (update pending))
- SA-specific Simpson & Hosking 2022, SAJEMS: South African road-freight intensity (CDSA derivation) (vintage 2022)
- SA-specific Cape Town minibus-taxi study (MDPI 2025) (CDSA derivation) (vintage 2025)
- SA-specific CDSA Carbon Footprint Calculator v3, Factor Derivations (SA) and SA EF Reference Library (vintage 2024)
- UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2026 (DESNZ, flat file v1.2, 31 Jul 2026) (vintage 2026)
- UK Government GHG Conversion Factors 2025 (DESNZ) (vintage 2025/26)
- Fertiliser production LCA (bioethanol GHG calculator, Table 2) (vintage 2022)
- IPCC 2006 Vol 4 Ch 11 (2019 refinement defaults), AR5 GWP (vintage 2019)
- Municipal procurement LCA database (Winnipeg 682-2012) (vintage 2012)
- CarbonCloud product LCAs (vintage 2024)
- UK Government GHG Conversion Factors 2025 (DESNZ), domestic flight as SA proxy (vintage 2025)
- International Wine Carbon Calculator Protocol v1.2/1.3 and OIV methodological GHG balance (vintage v1.2)
- US EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors v1.4.0 (Oct 2025), kg CO2e per 2024 USD, purchaser price, converted at R18.33/USD (vintage v1.4.0 (2024 USD))
- 4C Carbon Footprint Add-On v2.0 (vintage 2023)
- OIV methodological GHG balance (vintage 2011)
Factor-set sensitivity: the international default set gives 1,225.5 t and the CDSA South Africa-specific set 1,243.5 t, a difference of +1.5%. Switch sets under "Reporting year and boundary" on your task list.
This report is generated from data you entered and has not been verified. Your data remains yours; CDSA uses it as the CDSA Platform Terms of Use allow, including to create de-identified aggregate data. Carbon Disclosure SA (Pty) Ltd, Cape Town.